The House Judiciary and Intelligence Committees, led by Republican lawmakers, have requested interviews with a group of 51 former intelligence officials.
The officials are believed to have implied that the New York Post's reports on Hunter Biden's laptop in 2020 were based on Russian disinformation.
If the ex-spooks decline the invitation to testify voluntarily, Republicans will compel them to do so through subpoenas.
In a statement, Representatives Jim Jordan and Devin Nunes said, "The American people deserve to know if the FBI and other intelligence agencies worked to validate or debunk reports of foreign interference in the 2020 election involving Joe Biden's family.
" Meanwhile, Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Adam Schiff called the move "a transparent attempt to chill the speech of former officials who have criticized [former] President Trump and expose them to harassment, retaliation, and retribution."
The New York Post, which originally published reports on the laptop, has been criticized for potentially relying on Russian disinformation.
However, investigations by the FBI found no evidence of such interference.
The group of former intelligence officials, including John Brennan and James Clapper, released a letter last year suggesting that the Post's reports were part of a Russian influence campaign.
However, they did not provide any evidence to support their claim.
While some Republican lawmakers have supported the move to compel testimony from the former officials, others have questioned whether it could set a dangerous precedent.
Senator Marco Rubio said, "I don't think we should ever use the committee and its power to go after people and punish them for their positions or their opinions."